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Building a stairway can be one of the most intimidating tasks any builderamateur or professionaltackles. But an outdoor stairway
is generally not a difficult project, as long as it is planned and executed carefully. This document covers building procedures for a straight-run utility stairway, typically used on porches and decks.
Local building codes regulate the width and slope of a staircase, as well as how the assembly is supported and braced, how the landing is built and whether railings are required. ALWAYS CHECK WITH YOUR LOCAL BUILDING DEPARTMENT BEFORE DESIGNING A STAIRWAY, AND FOLLOW ALL LOCAL CODES. The following instructions are intended as general guidelines only, and local requirements should be your primary guide. In this document you will find information about:
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FIG. 1 - How a stairway is built depends primarily on the total risethe vertical dimension from the upper floor to the lower floor. The total runthe horizontal length of the stair assemblydepends on the slope of the stairway, which is determined by building codes. From the Sunset book, Basic Carpentry Illustrated, © Sunset Publishing Corporation. FIG. 2 - The components of a stairway, with basic stair-building terms. From the Sunset book, Decks, © Sunset Publishing Corporation FIG. 3 - The components of a railing. From the Sunset book, Decks, © Sunset Publishing Corporation |
STAIR-BUILDING TERMS
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FIG. 4 - Common tread-to-riser ratios. From the Sunset book, Decks, © Sunset Publishing Corporation. |
DESIGNING YOURS STAIRS
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FIG. 6 - Stringers may be hung from the rim joist with a joist hanger so the first step is flush with the deck surface. In this configuration, a piece of pressure-treated lumber is bolted to the landing pad and the stringer is nailed to it with 16d galvanized nails. From the Sunset book, Decks, © Sunset Publishing Corporation. FIG. 7 - The stringer can be bolted to the end of the joist so the first step is one step below the surface of the deck. At the landing pad, the stringer may be fastened to an angle iron (the angle should be galvanized) bolted to the concrete. From the Sunset book, Decks, © Sunset Publishing Corporation. |
BUILDING YOUR STAIRS
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5/4" or 2" Tread Material | 2x6 Pressure-Treated Cleat |
Angle Iron | Anchor Bolts |
Hex Bolts | 16d Galvanized Nails |
8d Galvanized Nails | 4x4 Posts |
2" Railing Material | Baluster Material |
Hammer | Carpenter's Square |
Measuring Tape | Adjustable Wrench |
Joist Hangers |
Check your state and local codes before starting any project. Follow all safety precautions. Information in this document has been furnished by the National Retail Hardware Association (NRHA) and associated contributors. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and safety. Neither NRHA, any contributor nor the retailer can be held responsible for damages or injuries resulting from the use of the information in this document. | |